INDIUM

BORON GROUP

Atomic number:49

Group numbers:13

Period:5

Electronic configuration:[Kr]4d¹⁰5s² 5p¹

Formal oxidation number:+3

Electronegativities:1.78

Atomic radius / pm:162.6

Relative atomic mass:114.818 ± 0.003

Indium was discovered byFerdinandReichandHieronymus Theodor Richter (DE) in 1863.Namedaftertheindicum (colour indigo), the colour itshowsinaspectroscope. It is a rare, very soft, silver-whitemetalthatisstable in air and water but dissolves in acids.Metalcanigniteand burn. Indium is found in certain zinc ores. It isusedtocoathigh speed bearings and as an alloy that lowersthemeltingpointof other metals. Relatively small amounts are usedindentalitemsand in electronic semiconductors.

Crystal structure:

body-centered tetragonal

Unit-cell dimensions / pm:

a=325.30, c=495.55

Space group:

I4/mmm

 

Density / g dm^-3:7310(298 K)

 7032 (m.p.)

Molar volume / cm³mol^-1:15.71 (298 K)

 16.33 (m.p.)

Electrical resistivity / μΩcm:8.37(20 °C)

Thermal conductivity / Wm^-1K^-1:81.6

Melting point / °C:156.6

Boiling point / °C:2072

Heat of fusion / kJ mol^-1:3.27

Heat of vaporization / kJ mol^-1:231.8

Heat of atomization / kJ mol^-1:243.72

1st ionization energy / kJ mol^-1:558.30

2nd ionization energy / kJ mol^-1:1820.67

3rd ionization energy / kJ mol^-1:2704.50

in the atmosphere / ppm:-

in the Earth's crust / ppm:0.05

in the oceans / ppm:0.02

In³⁺ + 2e^- In⁺- 0.404

In³⁺ + 3e^- In(s)- 0.345

In(OH)₃ + 3e^- In(s) + 3OH^-- 1.0

48Cadmium <= 49Indium => 50Tin 
 

Posted by Periodni







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