INDIUM
BORON GROUP
Atomic number:49
Group numbers:13
Period:5
Electronic configuration:[Kr]4d105s2 5p1
Formal oxidation number:+3
Electronegativities:1.78
Atomic radius / pm:162.6
Relative atomic mass:114.818 ± 0.003
Indium was discovered byFerdinandReichandHieronymus Theodor Richter (DE) in 1863.Namedaftertheindicum (colour indigo), the colour itshowsinaspectroscope. It is a rare, very soft, silver-whitemetalthatisstable in air and water but dissolves in acids.Metalcanigniteand burn. Indium is found in certain zinc ores. It isusedtocoathigh speed bearings and as an alloy that lowersthemeltingpointof other metals. Relatively small amounts are usedindentalitemsand in electronic semiconductors.
CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC DATA
Crystal structure:
body-centered tetragonal
Unit-cell dimensions / pm:
a=325.30, c=495.55
Space group:
I4/mmm
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Density / g dm-3:7310(298 K)
7032 (m.p.)
Molar volume / cm3mol-1:15.71 (298 K)
16.33 (m.p.)
Electrical resistivity / μΩcm:8.37(20 °C)
THERMAL PROPERTIES
Thermal conductivity / Wm-1K-1:81.6
Melting point / °C:156.6
Boiling point / °C:2072
Heat of fusion / kJ mol-1:3.27
Heat of vaporization / kJ mol-1:231.8
Heat of atomization / kJ mol-1:243.72
IONIZATION ENERGIES
1st ionization energy / kJ mol-1:558.30
2nd ionization energy / kJ mol-1:1820.67
3rd ionization energy / kJ mol-1:2704.50
ABUNDANCE OF ELEMENTS
in the atmosphere / ppm:-
in the Earth's crust / ppm:0.05
in the oceans / ppm:0.02
ISOTOPES
IsotopeRelativeatomicmassMasspercent(%)
113In112.904061(4)4.3(2)
115In114.903878(5)95.7(2)
REDUCTION POTENTIALS
Balanced half-reaction Eo / V
In
3+ + 2e
- In
+- 0.404In
3+ + 3e
- In
(s)- 0.345In(OH)
3 + 3e
- In
(s) + 3OH
-- 1.0
48Cadmium <= 49Indium => 50Tin
Posted by Periodni
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